Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by short periods of breathlessness during sleep. There are many causes of sleep apnea, one being an improper bite. If not addressed, an improper bite can contribute to or worsen sleep apnea. This article discusses the relationship between an improper bite and sleep apnea, as well as potential treatment options for addressing both conditions.
What is an Improper Bite?
An improper bite, or malocclusion, refers to misalignment of the teeth and/or the jaws that can result in a range of health problems. Malocclusions can be divided into three categories: underbite, overbite, and crossbite. An underbite, or mandibular prognathism, occurs when the lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw. An overbite, or maxillary prognathism, occurs when the upper jaw extends beyond the lower jaw. A crossbite occurs when the upper and lower teeth are not properly aligned when the mouth is closed.
An improper bite can result from a variety of factors, including genetics, oral habits, abnormal swallowing patterns, and trauma to the jaws. An improper bite is most commonly diagnosed by an orthodontist through a physical examination, x-rays, and other diagnostic tests.
Relationship Between Improper Bite and Sleep Apnea
An improper bite is a risk factor for sleep apnea because it can restrict the airway, making it more difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs. This can result in an increase in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a term that refers to a host of breathing disturbances during sleep, such as snoring, gasping, and stoppages in breathing. SDB is a key symptom of sleep apnea. Additionally, an improper bite can lead to an increase in upper airway resistance, which can further contribute to airway obstruction and SDB.
Poor jaw alignment can also contribute to the development of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS refers to restless sleep caused by repetitive upper airway obstruction and the consequent drops in oxygen levels. OSAS can lead to a range of symptoms and health issues, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headache, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and strokes. An improper bite can exacerbate OSAS symptoms and make them harder to manage.
In addition to sleep apnea, an improper bite can be associated with a range of other health problems, such as temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), headache, and migraines. Poor jaw positioning can put undue stress on the muscles and joints in the head and neck, resulting in pain and other symptoms.
Treatments for Improper Bite and Sleep Apnea
Fortunately, an improper bite can be corrected, and many of the treatments for malocclusion can also help to improve sleep apnea. Orthodontic treatment, such as braces or clear aligners, can be used to correct misalignment of the teeth and jaws. In some cases, orthodontic treatment can also be used to open up the airway and improve airway dynamics. Additionally, surgery may be recommended to correct more severe malocclusions and to address airway obstructions.
In addition to correcting an improper bite, there are several treatments that can help to manage sleep apnea and alleviate symptoms. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a common treatment for sleep apnea and works by delivering a constant flow of air to the throat to prevent it from collapsing during sleep. Other treatments for sleep apnea include oral appliances, which are custom-made devices that help to keep the airway open, lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, and in some cases, surgery.
Conclusion
An improper bite can be a contributing factor to the development and worsening of sleep apnea. It can lead to an increase in sleep-disordered breathing and upper airway obstruction, which can have significant health implications. Fortunately, an improper bite can be corrected through orthodontic treatment and surgery, and many of the treatments for malocclusion can also help to manage sleep apnea. If you suspect that an improper bite is contributing to symptoms of sleep apnea, it is important to seek consultation with a qualified orthodontist or dentist.