High altitudes can have a number of different effects on the human body. But how does high altitude affect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function? Those who have problems with their TMJ — a condition known as TMD, or temporomandibular joint disorder, which often results in pain or discomfort around the area of the joint — should be aware of how sleeping at higher altitudes can affect their condition.
The temporomandibular joint is a complex joint that connects your jaw to your skull, and it is responsible for many different movements, like yawning or speaking. Joint pain can be caused by many different things, including arthritis, a traumatic injury, a dislocated disc, or even sleeping at higher altitudes.
The Mechanics of the Jaw and TMJ Problems
The jaw is a frequently used joint in the human body. It operates as a hinge that connects the lower jawbone to the skull so you can speak, chew, and swallow. Proper TMJ function keeps the joint working smoothly and pain-free. Jaw problems can arise when the muscles and ligaments that control the joint are strained or misaligned.
Symptoms of TMJ problems can range from headaches, earaches, and neck or jaw pain to locking or clicking in the joint. In some cases, one side of the jaw may become difficult to open. Sleep bruxism, or nighttime grinding of the teeth, can also contribute to TMJ pain.
How Higher Altitudes Affect the TMJs
Higher altitudes have a few different effects on the human body, including decreasing atmospheric pressure and decreasing the amount of oxygen in the air. While many things have been written about how these factors can affect breathing, blood pressure, and stress on the heart, less is known about how high altitude affects the TMJ.
Some experts believe that more pronounced jaw problems can occur as a consequence of the body adapting to the lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes. When the oxygen-poor blood returns to your muscles and joints, it may not provide the same support that fully oxygenated blood does, potentially contributing to more significant joint discomfort or pain.
What to Do About TMJ Problems at High Altitudes
If you already have TMJ problems, sleeping at a higher altitude may add further discomfort. Some ways to alleviate these symptoms and keep the jaw functioning properly include:
- Using a Mouth Guard or Oral Splint — These devices are often used to prevent tooth damage, but they can also help to prevent unconscious grinding of the teeth while sleeping at a higher altitude.
- Exercising Your Jaw Joint — Properly stretching and exercising the TMJ can help it function more freely.
- Applying Heat or Cold — Applying a heating pad or an ice pack to the outside of the jaw can help to reduce discomfort and encourage proper joint function.
Conclusion
Hiking, skiing, and other outdoor activities are popular at high altitudes. However, those who experience TMJ problems need to be aware that sleeping or spending extended amounts of time at higher altitudes can contribute to a worsening of their symptoms. It’s important to take precautions to prevent the jaw from becoming overly stressed and properly rest and care for your jaw joints if discomfort or pain becomes evident.
If you’re experiencing TMJ pain, give Dr. Kelley Mingus a call today.